Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved.
Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist.
Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism.
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
Monosaccharide monomers are linked together by condensation reaction to form disaccharides and polysaccharide polymers.
Fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated.
Unsaturated fatty acids can be cis or trans isomers.
Triglycerides are formed by condensation from three fatty acids and one glycerol.
Carbon atoms can form up to four bonds allowing a diversity of compounds to exist:
-15th most abundant element on earth
-Carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds with other atoms (up to 4 covalent bonds)
-Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
-Carbon atoms form covalent bonds with other atoms, which are the strongest type.
Carbohydrates: they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids: molecules that are insoluble in water; waxes, fatty acids, triglycerides.
Proteins: composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
-15th most abundant element on earth
-Carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds with other atoms (up to 4 covalent bonds)
-Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
-Carbon atoms form covalent bonds with other atoms, which are the strongest type.
Carbohydrates: they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Lipids: molecules that are insoluble in water; waxes, fatty acids, triglycerides.
Proteins: composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
Metabolism: Web of all enzyme catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism. Pathways in which one type of molecule is transformed into another in steps/cycles
Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules, which includes the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions (condensation).
-Protein synthesis using ribosomes
Catabolism: breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers (hydrolysis).
-Digestion of food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
Anabolism: synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules, which includes the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions (condensation).
-Protein synthesis using ribosomes
Catabolism: breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers (hydrolysis).
-Digestion of food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
Proteins:
Amino Acid+ Amino Acid= Dipeptide + Water
Dipeptide+ Amino Acid= Polypeptide + Water
Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide (Glucose)+ Monosaccharide= Disaccharide (Maltose) + Water
Disaccharide+ Monosaccharide= Polysaccharide+ Water
Lipids:
3 Fatty Acids + Glycerol= Triglyceride+ 3 Waters
-Saturated (single bond)
-Unsaturated (double bond)
*Monounsaturated (one double bond)
*Polyunsaturated (many double bonds)
Fats could be categorized into trans/cis isomers
-Cis: liquid at room temperature such as oil (easier to break down due to the molecule configuration)
-Trans: solid at room temperature such as margarine
Amino Acid+ Amino Acid= Dipeptide + Water
Dipeptide+ Amino Acid= Polypeptide + Water
Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide (Glucose)+ Monosaccharide= Disaccharide (Maltose) + Water
Disaccharide+ Monosaccharide= Polysaccharide+ Water
Lipids:
3 Fatty Acids + Glycerol= Triglyceride+ 3 Waters
-Saturated (single bond)
-Unsaturated (double bond)
*Monounsaturated (one double bond)
*Polyunsaturated (many double bonds)
Fats could be categorized into trans/cis isomers
-Cis: liquid at room temperature such as oil (easier to break down due to the molecule configuration)
-Trans: solid at room temperature such as margarine
TOK QUESTIONS:
There are conflicting views as to the harms and benefits of fats in diets. How do we decide between competing views?
Fats such as lipids are necessary for the human health; these obtain Vitamins K, E, D, and A, which is used as chemical energy. These fats are divided into Cis Isomers and Trans Isomers. The Cis Isomers are liquid at room temperature with a bent molecule making the process of breaking down faster, while the Trans Isomers are solid at room temperature with a straight molecule making them harder to break down. Within these two sections fats can be either saturated (single-bonded) or unsaturated (double bonded). Unsaturated Fatty Acids provide Omega-3, this prevents cancer and is essential for your metabolism, docosahexaenoic, this takes up 60% of your brain, and lastly eicosapentaenoic, this is essential for lower inflammation. Fats can be divided into unsaturated and saturated like stated before, saturated fats are harmful for your body due to their hardness in breaking down which causes them to stick together and turn into body fat, while unsaturated fats are extremely helpful to our bodies; therefore the saturated fats would be the "harmful views" while the unsaturated would be the benefits of fats in diets.
There are conflicting views as to the harms and benefits of fats in diets. How do we decide between competing views?
Fats such as lipids are necessary for the human health; these obtain Vitamins K, E, D, and A, which is used as chemical energy. These fats are divided into Cis Isomers and Trans Isomers. The Cis Isomers are liquid at room temperature with a bent molecule making the process of breaking down faster, while the Trans Isomers are solid at room temperature with a straight molecule making them harder to break down. Within these two sections fats can be either saturated (single-bonded) or unsaturated (double bonded). Unsaturated Fatty Acids provide Omega-3, this prevents cancer and is essential for your metabolism, docosahexaenoic, this takes up 60% of your brain, and lastly eicosapentaenoic, this is essential for lower inflammation. Fats can be divided into unsaturated and saturated like stated before, saturated fats are harmful for your body due to their hardness in breaking down which causes them to stick together and turn into body fat, while unsaturated fats are extremely helpful to our bodies; therefore the saturated fats would be the "harmful views" while the unsaturated would be the benefits of fats in diets.